Founded 2026

The evidence

Documented cases, official findings and the policies around them.

The country and subject groups below link to published records. Each gives the events, decisions and findings behind the summary, including disputed outcomes. A separate, source-linked comparison assesses government policy; it does not measure attitudes toward Russian people.

The wider situation / Pressure on Russia

Germany

Germany appears here more often than any other country, and the record is not anecdotal: the federal government counted the reports itself, the anti-discrimination agency published the letters people received from their banks, and a savings bank restricted a customer's card because of where she was born. The four German survey series reviewed in the linked Record chiefly ask about the Russian state, its president and its policies; they do not provide a continuous, comparable measure of attitudes toward Russian people. Two further Records cover the attacks on shops, a school and a church in March 2022 - which the sources documenting them also record as instrumentalised - and the federal government's own count of assaults on Russian citizens, a series that begins in 2012 and whose pre-war peak is 2014.

The United Kingdom

The Wimbledon record documents one British institution's decision, not the conduct of every British business. Russian and Belarusian players were excluded in 2022; the ban was reversed in 2023. Both the exclusion and its reversal belong in the record. The UK's wider treatment of Russians cannot be inferred from this case alone.

Money and banking

The pattern that touches the most ordinary lives is the bank account. Accounts refused, cards restricted, payments held - decided by nationality or by place of birth rather than by anything the customer did. A Dutch human rights body examined four customers' complaints about ING and found no prohibited distinction in any of them. The effects on customers belong in the record, but so does the distinction between an objectionable experience and a finding of unlawful discrimination.

Universities and study

Admission closed by passport. A university stopped accepting applicants of one nationality; a state stopped issuing study visas to them; and in Czechia the Public Defender of Rights examined what the universities were doing and said it was discrimination. Whatever a government's quarrel is, it is not with a nineteen-year-old applying to study.

Sport and culture

Competitions and stages closed to people by nationality: tennis players, skiers, pianists, gymnasts. This is the theme where the exclusion has already been tested and found wanting - the Court of Arbitration for Sport held that a ban on athletes for their nationality was discriminatory. The pianists and the gymnasts had no such forum.

Residence and movement

The most consequential measures are the ones that decide where a person may live. Latvia's migration office told hundreds of Russian citizens - many of them long-settled residents - that they had to leave. Visas refused, permits withdrawn, a life of decades made conditional on a language test or a form.

What official bodies found

Official scrutiny makes these cases harder to dismiss, but it does not produce a single verdict. The EU's rights agency recorded incidents against Russians and Russian-speakers. The German government answered a parliamentary question with a count. A Czech ombudsman and an international sports court criticised or rejected particular exclusions; a Dutch human rights institute examined four complaints about ING and found no prohibited distinction. Those different outcomes, including decisions against complainants, are part of the record. A later parliamentary answer, in 2026, continued that count through 2025.

What this is, and what it is not

This is not a claim that ordinary Germans or Britons hate Russians, and it is not a claim that every measure listed here was taken in bad faith. It is a narrower and better-supported claim: that across banking, universities, sport, culture and residence, people have been treated according to a passport rather than according to anything they did - and that this has been recorded, repeatedly, by the official bodies of the countries where it happened. The archive is incomplete and openly so; the entries that exist are dated, sourced and correctable.

Act

Pressure on Russia

An editorial ranking of the breadth and persistence of documented government pressure, not a measure of prejudice toward Russian people or willingness to start a direct war.

The tiers consider stated objectives, military commitments, sanctions and trade measures, wider exclusions, and diplomatic conditions. Tier 1 emphasises documented containment extending into cultural or sporting isolation, or an explicit weakening/no-normalisation strategy. Tier 2 groups sustained military and economic pressure. Tier 3 marks a more conditional approach. All invoke peace or security; those aspirations do not determine placement. Common EU sanctions or NATO membership alone do not determine a tier.

This is an assessment of the selected public record, not an exhaustive global index. No ranking within tiers. A lower tier does not establish friendliness or the absence of wider exclusionary policies. Sources can change the assessment. Grouped countries retain their individual facts; budgets, commitments and deliveries are not interchangeable.

1. Broad containment and isolation

Government or groupPolicy and sources
Baltic states

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Their April 30, 2026 Nordic-Baltic statement supports stronger economic pressure and continued Russian isolation in sport and culture, while supporting Russian civil-society defenders.

Estonia announced military aid of at least 0.28% of GDP for 2026 and explicitly linked its approach to Ukraine's victory and Russia's defeat. Lithuania budgets 0.25% of GDP for Ukraine support and 5.37% for national defence. Latvia's September 1 import restrictions extend to books, clothing and other goods; its reported 91% import decline covers Russia and Belarus together, from 2022 to 2025.

Sources
Nordic EU members

Denmark, Finland and Sweden. They signed the same April 30, 2026 statement endorsing Russian isolation in sport and culture and stronger sanctions, alongside support for Russian civil society.

Denmark announced a roughly DKK 4.4bn military package on July 1. Finland's May 29 package was EUR 128m, bringing its reported defence-materiel support to EUR 3.4bn. Sweden reported SEK 128bn in military support as of August 12. These use different periods and currencies; they are not a shared annual budget.

Sources
Poland

The 2026-2030 foreign-policy strategy treats Russia as a persistent security threat and advocates weakening its economy, tighter sanctions and no normalisation without a change in Russian policy. It also supports Russian civil society. A September 2 statement calls for further restrictions on Russia's defence and security capabilities.

This classification concerns the breadth of pressure, not a declared intention to attack Russia. Poland's same-day diplomatic statement says it does not seek conflict.

Sources

2. Sustained military and economic pressure

Government or groupPolicy and sources
Canada

Approximately C$2bn in military assistance was announced for FY2026-27. September 10 commitments include expanded drone and munitions co-production, about C$350m for air-defence interceptors and a long-term security partnership.

These are announced commitments. Canada's more than C$26bn in overall assistance is not all military aid.

Sources
France

France combines sanctions and military support with its security-guarantee role alongside the UK. Its September 3, 2026 statement supports further sanctions, Ukraine's continued military self-defence and stronger responses to hybrid attacks attributed to Russia, while calling for a ceasefire and substantive negotiations.

A smaller bilateral aid burden alone does not establish a milder policy. The assessment covers the overall policy mix, not a single funding figure.

Sources
Germany

The government budgets EUR 11.5bn in military assistance for 2026, including continued air-defence and long-range-capability support. On September 2 it announced closure of the Bonn consulate, restrictions on the Russian House and further sanctions pressure following its attribution of the Leipzig incident to Russia.

The attribution is the German government's assessment. Termination of the Russian House treaty takes effect in mid-2027; that is not an already completed shutdown.

Sources
Netherlands

The defence ministry confirms EUR 3bn budgeted military assistance in 2026, including training, air defence, artillery and combat vehicles. In August the foreign minister joined calls for further use of immobilised Russian assets.

The August 27 letter requests technical options and legal and risk analysis. It is not an already authorised confiscation.

Sources
United Kingdom

The July 24, 2026 government factsheet records GBP 16bn in cumulative military commitments, including a GBP 2.26bn ERA loan, and GBP 3bn annually through 2030-31 and longer if needed. The UK co-leads the Coalition of the Willing with France and applies extensive sanctions.

Commitments are not all delivered assistance. The assessment concerns government policy, not the views or motives of everyone in Britain.

Sources

3. More conditional pressure

Government or groupPolicy and sources
United States

Financial and energy sanctions continue, and US equipment reaches Ukraine through allied-funded PURL. This coexists with a more conditional negotiating approach. The July 28 administration statement supports proposed further sanctions while expressly retaining presidential waiver discretion and termination authority after a settlement.

That statement does not prove enactment of the bill. Allied purchases of US equipment are not US-funded aid, and 'more conditional' does not mean friendly toward Russia.

Sources